It is important to note that the palmaris longus muscle may be absent on one or both sides in some individuals. The forearm is made up of three fascial compartments (extensor, deep flexor and superficial flexor), all of which can be at risk of developing a compartment. Innervation is provided by the median nerve (C7–C8). The primary action of the palmaris longus muscle is to resist shearing forces of the palmar aponeurosis it is also considered a wrist flexor. Attaches to the medial epicondyle of the humerus and courses superficially over the flexor retinaculum to the palmar aponeurosis in the hand. In the forearm there are four compartments. The median nerve (C6–C7) supplies innervation to this muscle. 8.6.2.3 Forearm The forearm is the most common site of compartment syndrome in the upper extremity. The primary action of the flexor carpi radialis muscle is wrist flexion and radial deviation. Attaches to the medial epicondyle and the base of metacarpals 2 and 3. The goal of decompression is restoration of muscle perfusion within 6 hours. This creates an anterior compartment that contains the flexor muscles, and a posterior one that contains the extensor muscles. The median nerve provides innervation (C6–C7) to the pronator teres muscle. Overview The definitive surgical therapy for compartment syndrome (CS) is emergent fasciotomy (compartment release). Just like the arm, the forearm is divided into two compartments by deep fascia the interosseous membrane, and the fibrous intermuscular septa. The pronator teres muscle primarily produces pronation at the forearm. Distally, the pronator teres muscle attaches to the midshaft of the radius. The humeral head of the pronator teres muscle attaches to the medial epicondyle and the supraepicondylar ridge of the humerus, and the ulnar head attaches to the coronoid process. Possesses two heads and crosses the elbow complex.
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